{"id":7795,"date":"2020-05-14T09:39:05","date_gmt":"2020-05-14T09:39:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/?p=7795"},"modified":"2021-09-01T20:56:49","modified_gmt":"2021-09-01T20:56:49","slug":"uniting-behind-a-peoples-vaccine-against-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/?p=7795","title":{"rendered":"Uniting Behind A People\u2019s Vaccine Against COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>As reported in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/af929941-7c02-415a-a692-bf8443ede58a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Financial Times<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/idees\/article\/2020\/05\/14\/s-unir-pour-un-vaccin-contre-le-covid-19-accessible-a-tous_6039591_3232.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Le Monde<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/newsweekespanol.com\/2020\/05\/lideres-mundo-signan-carta-urge-vacuna-covid-19-mexico-firma-ernesto-zedillo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">News Week Espa\u00f1o<\/a> and many others, an <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@Oxfam\/uniting-behind-a-peoples-vaccine-against-covid-19-87eec640976\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">open letter<\/a>: Uniting Behind A People\u2019s Vaccine Against COVID-19, May 14th 2020 signed by Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, Imran Khan, Cyril Ramaphosa and many others, organised by Oxfam:<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p id=\"fc2e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Humanity today, in all its fragility, is searching for an effective and safe vaccine against COVID-19. It is our best hope of putting a stop to this painful global pandemic.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"09a2\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">We are calling on Health Ministers at the World Health Assembly to rally behind a people\u2019s vaccine against this disease urgently. Governments and international partners must unite around a global guarantee which ensures that, when a safe and effective vaccine is developed, it is produced rapidly at scale and made available for all people, in all countries, free of charge. The same applies for all treatments, diagnostics, and other technologies for COVID-19.<\/p>\n<p id=\"9e4e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">We recognize that many countries and international organizations are making progress towards this goal, cooperating multilaterally on research and development, funding and access, including the welcome $8 billion pledged on 4th May. Thanks to tireless public and private sector efforts and billions of dollars of publicly-financed research, many vaccine candidates are proceeding with unprecedented speed and several have begun clinical trials.<\/p>\n<p id=\"b4a5\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Our world will only be safer once everyone can benefit from the science and access a vaccine \u2014 and that is a political challenge. <\/strong>The World Health Assembly must forge a global agreement that ensures rapid universal access to quality-assured vaccines and treatments with need prioritized above the ability to pay.<\/p>\n<p id=\"954f\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">It is time for Health Ministers to renew the commitments made at the founding of the World Health Organization, where all states agreed to deliver the \u201cthe highest attainable standard of health as a fundamental right of every human being\u201d.<\/p>\n<p id=\"65bc\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Now is <em class=\"gv\">not<\/em> the time to allow the interests of the wealthiest corporations and governments to be placed before the universal need to save lives, or to leave this massive and moral task to market forces. <\/strong>Access to vaccines and treatments as global public goods are in the interests of all humanity. We cannot afford for monopolies, crude competition and near-sighted nationalism to stand in the way.<\/p>\n<p id=\"f1f0\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">We must heed the warning that \u201cThose who do not remember the past are doomed to repeat it.\u201d We must learn the painful lessons from a history of unequal access in dealing with disease such as HIV and Ebola. But we must also remember the ground-breaking victories of health movements, including AIDS activists and advocates who fought for access to affordable medicines for all.<\/p>\n<p id=\"d6ce\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Applying <em class=\"gv\">both<\/em> sets of lessons, we call for a global agreement on COVID-19 vaccines, diagnostics and treatments \u2014 implemented under the leadership of the World Health Organization \u2014 that:<\/p>\n<p id=\"473e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">1. Ensures mandatory worldwide sharing of all COVID-19 related knowledge, data and technologies with a pool of COVID-19 licenses freely available to all countries.<\/strong> Countries should be empowered and enabled to make full use of agreed safeguards and flexibilities in the WTO Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health to protect access to medicines for all.<\/p>\n<p id=\"0c6e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">2. Establishes a global and equitable rapid manufacturing and distribution plan \u2014 that is fully-funded by rich nations \u2014 for the vaccine and all COVID-19 products and technologies that guarantees transparent \u2018at true cost-prices\u2019 and supplies according to need.<\/strong> Action must start urgently to massively build capacity worldwide to manufacture billions of vaccine doses and to recruit and train the millions of paid and protected health workers needed to deliver them.<\/p>\n<p id=\"c84f\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">3. Guarantees COVID-19 vaccines, diagnostics, tests and treatments are provided free of charge to everyone, everywhere.<\/strong> Access needs to be prioritized first for front-line workers, the most vulnerable people, and for poor countries with the least capacity to save lives.<\/p>\n<p id=\"229b\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In doing so, no one can be left behind. Transparent democratic governance must be set in place by the WHO, inclusive of independent expertise and civil society partners, which is essential to lock-in accountability for this agreement.<\/p>\n<p id=\"6d18\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">In doing so, we also recognize the urgent need to reform and strengthen public health systems worldwide, removing all barriers so that rich and poor alike can access the health care, technologies and medicines they need, free at the point of need.<\/p>\n<p id=\"7e3a\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Only a people\u2019s vaccine \u2014 with equality and solidarity at its core \u2014 can protect all of humanity and get our societies safely running again.<\/strong> A bold international agreement cannot wait.<\/p>\n<p id=\"482e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Signed:<\/p>\n<p id=\"2c99\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo<\/strong> \u2014 President of the Republic of Ghana<\/p>\n<p id=\"41bc\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Imran Khan<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan<\/p>\n<p id=\"7b10\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Cyril Ramaphosa<\/strong> \u2014 President of the Republic of South Africa and Chairperson of the African Union<\/p>\n<p id=\"b07a\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Macky Sall <\/strong>\u2014 President of the Republic of Senegal<\/p>\n<p id=\"4e13\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Karen Koning Abuzayd<\/strong> \u2014 Commissioner of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry for Syria, Under Secretary-General as UNRWA Commissioner-General (2005\u20132010)<\/p>\n<p id=\"73a0\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Maria Elena Ag\u00fcero<\/strong> \u2014 Secretary General, World Leadership Alliance-Club de Madrid<\/p>\n<p id=\"4194\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Esko Aho<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Finland (1991\u20131995)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"3d00\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Dr. Shamshad Akhtar<\/strong> \u2014 Former UN Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific<\/p>\n<p id=\"2a6e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Rashid Alimov<\/strong> \u2014 Secretary General, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (2016\u20132019), Minister of Foreign Affairs of Tajikistan (1992\u20131994)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"e790\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Amat Alsoswa <\/strong>\u2014 Former Yemen\u2019s Minister for Human Rights, Former United Nations Assistant Secretary General, UNDP Assistant Administrator and Regional Director\/ Arab States Bureau<\/p>\n<p id=\"f5c6\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Philip Alston<\/strong> \u2014 John Norton Pomeroy Professor of Law, New York University School of Law and Former UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights<\/p>\n<p id=\"db0e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Baroness Valerie Amos<\/strong> \u2014 United Nations Undersecretary General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator (2010\u20132015)<\/p>\n<p id=\"e110\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Rosalia Arteaga Serrano<\/strong> \u2014 President of Ecuador (1997)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"f104\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Maria Eugenia Brizuela de Avila<\/strong> \u2014 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Salvador (1999\u20132004)<\/p>\n<p id=\"d1b1\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Shaukat Aziz<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Pakistan (2004\u20132007), former VP of the Citibank\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"7737\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Jan Peter Balkenende<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of The Netherlands (2002\u20132010)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"7b90\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Joyce Banda<\/strong> \u2014 President of the Republic of Malawi (2012\u20132014) and Champion for an AIDS- Free Generation\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"56be\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Nelson Barbosa<\/strong> \u2014 Professor, FGV and the University of Brasilia, and former Finance Minister of Brazil<\/p>\n<p id=\"4d97\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Jos\u00e9 Manuel Barroso<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Portugal (2002\u20132004), President of the European Commission (2004\u20132014)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"1515\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Carol Bellamy<\/strong> \u2014 Former Executive Director, UNICEF (1995\u20132005)<\/p>\n<p id=\"8f4e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Valdis Birkavs<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Latvia (1993\u20131994)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"2155\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Irina Bokova<\/strong> \u2014 Director-General of UNESCO (2009\u20132017)<\/p>\n<p id=\"230f\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Gordon Brown<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2007\u20132010)<\/p>\n<p id=\"ed63\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Winnie Byanyima<\/strong> \u2014 Executive Director of UNAIDS and UN Under-Secretary General<\/p>\n<p id=\"ce95\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Kathy Calvin <\/strong>\u2014 Former Chief Executive Officer of the United Nations Foundation<\/p>\n<p id=\"3fc9\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Kim Campbell<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Canada (1993)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"0b0b\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Fernando Henrique Cardoso<\/strong> \u2014 President of Brazil (1995\u20132003)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"5981\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Gina Casar<\/strong> \u2014 Executive Director of AMEXCID, Associate Administrator of UNDP (2014\u20132015)<\/p>\n<p id=\"cc41\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Hikmet Cetin<\/strong> \u2014 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey (1991\u20131994), former Speaker of the Parliament\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"3988\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Ha-Joon Chang<\/strong> \u2014 Director, Centre of Development Studies, University of Cambridge<\/p>\n<p id=\"9346\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Judy Cheng-Hopkins<\/strong> \u2014 Former Assistant Secretary-General, Peacebuilding Support, United Nations<\/p>\n<p id=\"954b\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Laura Chinchilla<\/strong> \u2014 President of Costa Rica (2010\u20132014)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"8da9\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Joaquim Chissano<\/strong> \u2014 President of the Republic of Mozambique (1986\u20132005) and Champion for an AIDS- Free Generation\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"0e71\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Helen Clark<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of New Zealand (1999\u20132008), UNDP Administrator (2009\u20132017)\u00b9\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"211a\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Emil Constantinescu<\/strong> \u2014 President of Romania (1996\u20132000)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"8d5c\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Radhika Coomaraswamy <\/strong>\u2014 former UN Under Secretary General and The Special Representative on Children and Armed Conflict<\/p>\n<p id=\"c63a\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Ertharin Cousin <\/strong>\u2014 Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme (2012\u20132017)<\/p>\n<p id=\"d13b\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Paula A. Cox<\/strong> \u2014 Premier of Bermuda (2010\u20132012)<\/p>\n<p id=\"9be9\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Herman De Croo<\/strong> \u2014 Minister of State of Belgium; Honorary Speaker of the House\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"be7a\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Olivier De Schutter<\/strong> \u2014 Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights<\/p>\n<p id=\"f7db\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Danny Dorling<\/strong> \u2014 Professor of Human Geography at Oxford University<\/p>\n<p id=\"318b\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Ruth Dreifuss<\/strong> \u2014 President of Switzerland (1999) and Federal Councillor (1993\u20132002)<\/p>\n<p id=\"a499\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Diane Elson<\/strong> \u2014 Emeritus Professor University of Essex, Member of UN Committee for Development Policy<\/p>\n<p id=\"6021\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Maria Fernanda Espinosa<\/strong> \u2014 President of the United Nations General Assembly (2018\u20132019), Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ecuador (2007\u20132009, 2017\u20132018) and Member of the Political Advisory Panel of UHC2030<\/p>\n<p id=\"921d\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Moussa Faki<\/strong> \u2014 Chairperson of the African Union Commission<\/p>\n<p id=\"6073\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Christiana Figueres<\/strong> \u2014 Executive Secretary of UNFCCC (2010\u20132016)<\/p>\n<p id=\"85ea\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Vigd\u00eds Finnbogad\u00f3ttir <\/strong>\u2014 President of Iceland (1980\u20131996)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"d3db\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Louise Fr\u00e9chette<\/strong> \u2014 UN Deputy Secretary-General (1998\u20132006)<\/p>\n<p id=\"d1bb\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Sakiko Fukuda-Parr<\/strong> \u2014 Director of the Julien J. Studley Graduate Programs in International Affairs and Professor of International Affairs at The New School<\/p>\n<p id=\"52ac\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Patrick Gaspard<\/strong> \u2014 Former United States Ambassador to South Africa, President of the Open Society Foundations<\/p>\n<p id=\"40cb\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Jayati Ghosh<\/strong> \u2014 Professor of Economics at Jawaharlal Nehru University<\/p>\n<p id=\"e475\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Felipe Gonz\u00e1lez<\/strong> \u2014 President of the Government of Spain (1982\u20131996)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"b62d\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Rebeca Grynspan<\/strong> \u2014 Vice President of Costa Rica (1994\u20131998), Ibero-American Secretary General<\/p>\n<p id=\"370d\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Alfred Gusenbauer<\/strong> \u2014 Chancellor of Austria (2007\u20132008)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"4171\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Han Seung-Soo<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (2008\u20132009)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"78f4\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Noeleen Heyzer<\/strong> \u2014 Member of the UN Secretary-General\u2019s High Level Advisory Board on Medication\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"6c71\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Mladen Ivanic<\/strong> \u2014 President of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2014\u20132018)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"261e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Devaki Jain<\/strong> \u2014 Feminist economist, Honorary Fellow at St Anne\u2019s College, Oxford and member of the erstwhile South Commission (1987\u201390)<\/p>\n<p id=\"2410\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Arjun Jayadev<\/strong> \u2014 Professor of Economics at Azim Premji University<\/p>\n<p id=\"e5a5\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Rob Johnson<\/strong> \u2014 President of the Institute for New Economic Thinking<\/p>\n<p id=\"2290\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Ellen Johnson Sirleaf<\/strong> \u2014 President of the Republic of Liberia (2006\u20132018)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"7425\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Mehdi Jomaa<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Tunisia (2014\u20132015)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"add2\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Anthony T. Jones<\/strong> \u2014 Vice-President and Executive Director of Gorbachev Foundation of North America (GFNA)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"434a\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Ivo Josipovic<\/strong> \u2014 President of Croatia (2010\u20132015)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"2753\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Naila Kabeer<\/strong> \u2014 Professor of Gender and International Development at the London School of Economics<\/p>\n<p id=\"d16f\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Michel Kazatchkine<\/strong> \u2014 Special Advisor to the Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS) in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and Senior Fellow, Global Health Center, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva<\/p>\n<p id=\"4c8e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Rima Khalaf<\/strong> \u2014 President of the Global Organization against Racial Discrimination and Segregation, and Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (2010\u20132017)<\/p>\n<p id=\"09a5\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Horst K\u00f6hler<\/strong> \u2014 President of Germany (2004\u20132010)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"3571\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Jadranka Kosor<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Croatia (2009\u20132011)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"31c0\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Bernard Kouchner <\/strong>\u2014 Minister of Health of France (1992\u20131993, 1997\u20131999, 2001\u20132002), Minister of Foreign affairs of France (2007\u20132010); founder of M\u00e9decins sans frontiers \/ Doctors Without Borders (MSF) and M\u00e9decins du Monde \/ Doctors of the World (MdM)<\/p>\n<p id=\"9412\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Chandrika Kumaratunga<\/strong> \u2014 President of Sri Lanka (1994\u20132005)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"92d1\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Aleksander Kwa\u015bniewski<\/strong> \u2014 President of Poland (1995\u20132005<em class=\"gv\">)<\/em>\u00b9\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"6037\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Rachel Kyte CMG<\/strong> \u2014 Dean of The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University<\/p>\n<p id=\"9fc9\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera<\/strong> \u2014 President of Uruguay (1990\u20131995)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"81c4\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Ricardo Lagos<\/strong> \u2014 President of Chile (2000\u20132006)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"0c8f\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Zlatko Lagumdzija<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2001\u20132002)\u00b9\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"a7c8\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Laura Liswood<\/strong> \u2014 Secretary General of the Council of Women World Leaders<\/p>\n<p id=\"3ca0\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Nora Lustig<\/strong> \u2014 President Emerita of the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association, Professor of Latin American Economics, Tulane University<\/p>\n<p id=\"5276\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Jessie Rose Mabutas<\/strong> \u2014 Executive Board Member, African Capacity Building Foundation, Expert Member, Accreditation Panel of the UN Adaptation Fund, and Executive Board Member, Section on African Public Administration of the American Society for Public Administration<\/p>\n<p id=\"8753\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Gra\u00e7a Machel<\/strong> \u2014 Founder, The Gra\u00e7a Machel Trust and Foundation for Community Development<\/p>\n<p id=\"f266\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Susana Malcorra<\/strong> \u2014 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Argentina (2015\u20132017)<\/p>\n<p id=\"e41e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Isabel Saint Malo<\/strong> \u2014 Vice President of Panama (2014\u20132019)<\/p>\n<p id=\"98a5\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Purnima Mane<\/strong> \u2014 Global expert on gender, HIV and sexual and reproductive health issues, President of Pathfinder International (2012\u20132016)<\/p>\n<p id=\"11bd\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Mariana Mazzucato<\/strong> \u2014 Professor at University College London and Founding Director of the UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose (IIPP)<\/p>\n<p id=\"c469\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Mary McAleese <\/strong>\u2014 President of Ireland (1997\u20132011)<\/p>\n<p id=\"c566\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Rexhep Meidani<\/strong> \u2014 President of Albania (1997\u20132002)\u00b9\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"ded4\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Carlos Mesa<\/strong> \u2014 President of Bolivia (2003\u20132005)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"d3c5\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Branko Milanovic<\/strong> \u2014 Visiting Presidential Professor at the Graduate Center City University of New York<\/p>\n<p id=\"72fd\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">A\u00efchatou Mindaoudou<\/strong> \u2014 United Nations\u2019 Special Representative for C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire and Head of the United Nations Operation in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire (2013\u20132017)<\/p>\n<p id=\"e6fe\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Festus Mogae<\/strong> \u2014 President of the Republic of Botswana (1998\u20132008) and Champion for an AIDS- Free Generation\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"a279\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Mario Monti<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Italy (2011\u20132013)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"32d9\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Kgalema Motlanthe<\/strong> \u2014 President of the Republic of South Africa (2008\u20132009) and Champion for an AIDS- Free Generation<\/p>\n<p id=\"992e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Rovshan Muradov<\/strong> \u2014 Secretary General, Nizami Ganjavi International Center<\/p>\n<p id=\"9938\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Cristina Narbona <\/strong>\u2014 First Vice President of the Spaniard Senate and former Minister of the Environment of Spain<\/p>\n<p id=\"9e82\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Bujar Nishani<\/strong> \u2014 President of Albania (2012\u20132017)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"aeb9\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Dr. John Nkengasong<\/strong> \u2014 Director of African Centres for Disease Control and Prevention<\/p>\n<p id=\"55e8\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Olusegun Obasanjo<\/strong> \u2014 President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999\u20132007) and Champion for an AIDS- Free Generation\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"dd20\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Djoomart Otorbayev<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (2014\u20132015)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"a878\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Roza Otunbayeva<\/strong> \u2014 President of Kyrgyzstan (2010\u20132011)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"6baf\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Ana Palacio<\/strong> \u2014 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Spain (2002\u20132004)<\/p>\n<p id=\"a088\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Dr. David Pan<\/strong> \u2014 Executive Dean, Steve Scwarcman College, Tsinghua University China\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"2309\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Flavia Pansieri<\/strong> \u2014 Deputy High Commissioner for Human Rights (2013\u20132015)<\/p>\n<p id=\"e4bb\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Elsa Papademetriou<\/strong> \u2014 former Vice President of the Hellenic Republic (2007\u20132009)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"9b00\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Andres Pastrana<\/strong> \u2014 President of Colombia (1998\u20132002)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"fc6a\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Muhammad Ali Pate<\/strong> \u2014 Global Director, Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice of the World Bank and Director of <a class=\"bx fo gw gx gy gz\" href=\"https:\/\/www.globalfinancingfacility.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\">Global Financing Facility for Women, Children and Adolescents<\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"bb4e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Kate Pickett<\/strong> \u2014 Professor of Epidemiology at the University of York<\/p>\n<p id=\"1b81\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Thomas Piketty<\/strong> \u2014 Professor of Economics at the Paris School of Economics and a co-director of the World Inequality Database<\/p>\n<p id=\"bcde\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Rosen Plevneliev<\/strong> \u2014 President of Bulgaria (2012\u20132017)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"4076\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Hifikepunye Pohamba <\/strong>\u2014 President of the Republic of Namibia (2005\u20132015) and Champion for an AIDS- Free Generation<\/p>\n<p id=\"216d\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Karin Sham P\u00f2o<\/strong> \u2014 Deputy Executive Director of UNICEF (1987\u20132004)<\/p>\n<p id=\"5553\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Achal Prabhala<\/strong> \u2014 Coordinator of the AccessIBSA project<\/p>\n<p id=\"0b05\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Dainius Puras<\/strong> \u2014 Special Rapporteur on the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health<\/p>\n<p id=\"a702\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Iveta Radicova<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Slovakia (2010\u20132012)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"ab65\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Jos\u00e9 Manuel Ramos-Horta<\/strong> \u2014 President of Timor Leste (2007\u20132012)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"6a77\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">J.V.R. Prasada Rao<\/strong> \u2014 Special Envoy to the Secretary General of the UN on AIDS (2012\u20132017) and Health Secretary of the Government of India (2002\u20132004)<\/p>\n<p id=\"b108\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Geeta Rao Gupta<\/strong> \u2014 Executive Director of the 3D Program for Girls and Women and Senior Fellow at the United Nations Foundation<\/p>\n<p id=\"5f9e\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Oscar Ribas<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Andorra (1982\u201384; 1990\u201394)\u00b9\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"f5d3\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Mary Robinson<\/strong> \u2014 President of Ireland (1990\u20131997), UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Chair of the Elders<\/p>\n<p id=\"1ff0\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Dani Rodrik<\/strong> \u2014 President-Elect of the International Economic Association, Professor of International Political Economy, Harvard University<\/p>\n<p id=\"6187\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Petre Roman<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Romania (1989\u20131991)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"e269\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Juan Manuel Santos<\/strong> \u2014 President of Colombia (2010\u20132018), 2016 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, Member of the Elders and Conservation International Arnhold Distinguished Fellow<\/p>\n<p id=\"1faf\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Kailash Satyarthi<\/strong> \u2014 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate (2014) and Child Rights Activist<\/p>\n<p id=\"7c28\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Ismail Serageldin<\/strong> \u2014 Co-Chair Nizami Ganjavi International Center, Senior VP of the World Bank (1992\u20132000)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"27ec\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Fatiha Serour<\/strong> \u2014 Africa Group for Justice &amp; Accountability<\/p>\n<p id=\"053f\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Michel Sidib\u00e9<\/strong> \u2014 Minister of Health and Social Affairs of Mali<\/p>\n<p id=\"e33c\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Mari Simonen<\/strong> \u2014 Former Assistant Secretary General of the UN and Deputy Executive Director of UNFPA<\/p>\n<p id=\"1ba7\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Pierre Somse<\/strong> \u2014 Minister of Health and Population of Central Africa Republic<\/p>\n<p id=\"39d6\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Vera Songwe<\/strong> \u2014 Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations and Executive Secretary, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa<\/p>\n<p id=\"be74\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Michael Spence<\/strong> \u2014 Nobel Laureate for Economic Sciences (2001), William R. Berkley Professor in Economics &amp; Business, NYU<\/p>\n<p id=\"5c6b\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Joseph E. Stiglitz<\/strong> \u2014 a Nobel laureate in economics and University Professor at Columbia University<\/p>\n<p id=\"99ce\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Eka Tkeshelashvili<\/strong> \u2014 Deputy Prime Minister of Georgia (2010\u20132012)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"ddf1\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Aminata Tour\u00e9<\/strong> \u2014 Prime Minister of Senegal (2013\u20132014)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"1661\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Danilo T\u00fcrk<\/strong> \u2014 President of Slovenia (2007\u20132012)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"0f45\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Cassam Uteem<\/strong> \u2014 President of Mauritius (1992\u20132002)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"759b\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Marianna V. Vardinoyannis<\/strong> \u2014 Goodwill Ambassador of UNESCO\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"834f\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Ann Veneman<\/strong> \u2014 Executive Director of UNICEF (2005\u20132010)<\/p>\n<p id=\"d4cf\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Chema Vera<\/strong> \u2014 Executive Director (Interim) of Oxfam International<\/p>\n<p id=\"b634\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Melanne Verveer<\/strong> \u2014 United States Ambassador-at-Large for Global Women\u2019s Issues (2009\u20132013), Executive Director of the Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security at Georgetown University<\/p>\n<p id=\"6dd6\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Vaira Vike-Freiberga<\/strong> \u2014 President of Latvia (1999\u20132007), Co-Chair Nizami Ganjavi International Center<\/p>\n<p id=\"1195\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Filip Vujanovic<\/strong> \u2014 President of Montenegro (2003\u20132018)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"e5a9\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Margot Wallstr\u00f6m<\/strong> \u2014 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sweden (2014\u20132019)<\/p>\n<p id=\"9fbb\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Richard Wilkinson<\/strong> \u2014 Emeritus Professor of Social Epidemiology, University of Nottingham Medical School<\/p>\n<p id=\"ee94\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Kateryna Yushchenko<\/strong> \u2014 First Lady of Ukraine (2005\u20132010)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"f213\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Viktor Yushchenko<\/strong> \u2014 President of Ukraine (2005\u20132010)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"c575\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero<\/strong> \u2014 President of the Government of Spain (2004\u20132011)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"0370\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Valdis Zatlers<\/strong> \u2014 President of Latvia (2007\u20132011)\u00b2<\/p>\n<p id=\"2812\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Ernesto Zedillo<\/strong> \u2014 President of Mexico (1994\u20132000)\u00b9<\/p>\n<p id=\"65a8\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"gc gu\">Gabriel Zucman<\/strong> \u2014 Professor of Economics at UC Berkeley<\/p>\n<p id=\"83ca\" class=\"ga go ap ce gc b gd ge gp gf gg gq gh gi gr gj gk gs gl gm gt gn dj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><em class=\"gv\">\u00b9 Member of WLA Club de Madrid<\/em><br \/>\n<em class=\"gv\">\u00b2 Member of Nizami Ganjavi International Center (NGIC)<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7796\" style=\"width: 1013px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7796\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7796\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/wp-content\/files\/OpenLetter.png\" alt=\"Open Letter\" width=\"1003\" height=\"915\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/wp-content\/files\/OpenLetter.png 1003w, https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/wp-content\/files\/OpenLetter-300x274.png 300w, https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/wp-content\/files\/OpenLetter-768x701.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1003px) 100vw, 1003px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7796\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">As reported by David Pilling and Andrew Jack in the Financial times on Thursday May 14th 2020<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As reported in the Financial Times; Le Monde; News Week Espa\u00f1o and many others, an open letter: Uniting Behind A People\u2019s Vaccine Against COVID-19, May 14th 2020 signed by Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, Imran Khan, Cyril Ramaphosa and many others, organised by Oxfam:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8602,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7795","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7795","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7795"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7795\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8603,"href":"https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7795\/revisions\/8603"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8602"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7795"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7795"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dannydorling.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7795"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}